中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
随环卫工老魏上早班******
【新春走基层】
光明日报记者 任爽 光明日报见习记者 李层
新年伊始，凌晨3点半，大街小巷一片寂静，吉林省舒兰市环境卫生管理中心车库里早早地忙碌起来了。
“出车！”检查完车况后，环卫工人魏振江和搭档登上大型垃圾清运车，驶向街道深处。清运车一路走走停停，每遇一处垃圾桶，就是一连串自动化动作：把桶挂车、倾倒和压缩垃圾、把桶归位。
“现在可比过去好干得多！早先，开小四轮儿，得靠人装车，一天下来累得不轻。现在有专门车辆代替人工，车辆一走一过就能完成，省时又省力！”不到3个小时，魏振江和搭档就“扫”完20多条主要街路，完成了当天的第一趟作业。
“走，吃饭去！”车停进育才路垃圾中转站，魏振江招呼搭档向附近的环卫早餐点走去。“一个鸡蛋，两个花卷，一碗小米粥、一碟小菜！”发餐师傅把热气腾腾的早餐递给陆续进门的环卫工人。
魏振江领到早餐，就近坐下，听工友们聊天。“以前，早饭不是对付口干粮，就是趁休息着急忙慌往家跑，这回可好了。”“可不，这口早饭真是暖心又暖胃！”“退休前又赶上一波好政策，知足呀。”魏振江吸溜一口小米粥，点头赞同。
“天儿冷，辛苦师傅们把早餐整热乎点儿！”舒兰市环境卫生管理中心主任陶利民像往常一样，在早餐点关注工人们的用餐情况，“这些年，环卫工人的工作环境和条件都有了很大改善。环保设施齐全，机械自动化程度越来越高，各类劳保产品四季供应充足。舒兰始终把环卫工人作为关心关怀的重点对象。”
越来越好的不仅是工作设备和工作待遇，还有舒兰环卫工人切实体会到的市民不断提升的文明自觉。
吃完早餐，魏振江开始了第二趟清运作业。车窗外，树上的彩灯、商家橱窗上的花带和生肖兔贴画将干净的街路点缀出节日氛围。
“早些年，路上总有果皮纸屑，我们环卫工人天天都得弯着腰拾掇。这几年，舒兰的绿化美化亮化越来越好，爱护环境的人也越来越多，还经常有志愿者来帮忙，路上一天比一天干净。”魏振江一脸骄傲，“如今，环卫工人可受重视了。你看，路边的商家都加入了‘爱心驿站’，我们进去歇脚，还给我们倒水喝，大伙儿干劲儿十足！”
在舒兰，尊重、爱护、关心环卫工人的风尚背后是群众对美好生活的向往。近年来，小城舒兰持续加强市容市貌整治、擦亮志愿服务品牌、宣扬先进生活理念，全方位提升城市文明程度，成功创建了省级文明城市，正向创建全国文明城市的目标进发。
《光明日报》（ 2023年01月06日 01版）
